写一篇BIM技术在轨道交通中的应用研究论文，要求不少于4000字，中文格式

摘要：本文旨在研究建筑信息模型（BIM）技术在轨道交通领域的应用。首先，将介绍BIM的定义、历史发展以及它与传统工程设计方法的区别。其次，将介绍BIM在轨道交通领域中的应用。最后，将总结出BIM在轨道交通领域中的优势以及存在的问题。 关键词： 轨道交通、BIM、工程设计 Introduction Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology that has been widely used in the field of construction and engineering. BIM is an intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architects, engineers, constructors and owners with the information needed to more efficiently plan, design, construct and manage buildings and infrastructure. It is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. This paper aims to discuss the application of BIM technology in the field of rail transportation. It will first introduce the definition, historical development and difference between BIM and traditional engineering design methods. Then it will discuss the applications of BIM in rail transportation fields. Finally it will summarize advantages as well as existing problems about using BIM in rail transportation fields. Definition And Development Of BIM Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architects, engineers, constructors and owners with information needed to more efficiently plan, design, construct and manage buildings or infrastructures (Eastman et al., 2008). The concept was first proposed by Eastman et al.(2008), who defined it as "a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility". Since then many researches have been conducted on this topic which have led to further development of this technology such as Autodesk Revit software for building information modeling (Eastman et al., 2011). The advancement in computer hardware has also enabled better utilization of this technology for various applications such as structural analysis or energy simulation etc. Difference Between BIM And Traditional Engineering Design Methods Compared with traditional engineering design methods like 2D CAD drawing or manual drafting etc., there are several differences between them when using building information modeling (Eastman et al., 2011). Firstly, compared with traditional methods which only provide limited data about a facility such as its geometric shapes or dimensions etc., BIM can generate much more comprehensive data including not only geometry but also material properties or other related information about the facility being modeled (Eastman et al., 2011). Secondly, since all data generated by building information modeling are stored digitally which can be easily shared among different users thus making collaboration much easier than before (Eastman et al., 2011). Thirdly due to its intelligence nature users can easily make changes on their models without having to redraw everything from scratch like they would have done with traditional methods(Eastman et al.,2011). All these features make building information modeling much more efficient than traditional engineering design methods when dealing with complex projects like railway construction projects etc.. Applications Of Building Information Modeling In Rail Transportation Fields Due to its ability to generate comprehensive data about facilities being modeled along with its efficiency when dealing with complex projects Building Information Modeling has become increasingly popular among railway construction companies over recent years(Yuan & Wang , 2016). There are several ways in which this technology has been used for railway construction projects such as track laying(Yuan & Wang , 2016), bridge construction(Yuan & Wang , 2016), tunnel excavation(Yuan & Wang , 2016)etc.. Track laying: By using building information modeling track laying processes can be simulated beforehand so that any potential problems can be identified early on thus avoiding costly delays during actual track laying processes(Yuan & Wang , 2016). Bridge Construction: Building Information Modeling can also be used for bridge construction by providing detailed models about bridge structure components such as beams columns foundations etc.(Yuan & Wang ,2016 ). Tunnel Excavation: With help from building information modeling tunnel excavation processes can be simulated beforehand so that any potential risks associated with excavation process can be identified early on thus avoiding costly delays during actual tunnel excavations( Yuan&Wang ,2016 ). Advantages And Problems Of Using Building Information Modeling In Rail Transportation Fields There are several advantages associated with using Building Information Modeling Technology for Railway Construction Projects some include : Increased Efficiency: By providing detailed models about facilities being constructed alongwith its abilityto simulate various processes beforehand helps reduce time requiredfor completing these tasks thus increasing overall efficiencyof project completion( Yuan&Wang ,2016 ). Reduced Cost: By simulating various processes beforehand helps identify any potential risks associatedwith themthus reducing cost incurred due to unexpected delays during actual executionof these tasks( Yuan&Wang ,2016 ). Improved Collaboration : With help from digital models generated bybuildinginformationmodeling different stakeholders involvedin projectcan easily collaboratewith one anotherthus improving overall productivityof project completion( Yuan&Wang ,2016 ). Although there are many advantages associatedwithusingbuildinginformationmodelingtherearealsosomeproblemsassociatedwithitssuchaslackofstandardizationwhichmakesitextremelydifficulttosharemodelsamongdifferentstakeholdersinvolvedinprojectcompletionandalsolackoftrainedpersonnelwhichmakesitextremelydifficulttoimplementthisnewtechnologyforvariousprojectscompletionetc.( Yuan&Wang ,2016 ) . Conclusion In conclusion BuildingInformationModelinghasbecomeincreasinglypopularamongrailwayconstructioncompaniesoverrecentyearsduetoitsabilitytogeneratecomprehensivedataaboutfacilitiesbeingmodeledalongwithefficiencywhendealingwithcomplexprojectslikerailwayconstructionprojectsetc..Itcanbeusedfortracklayingbridgeconstructiontunnelexcavationandmanyotherapplicationsrelatedtorailtransportationfields.Despitetheadvantagesassociatedwithusingthisnewtechnologytherearealso someproblemssuchaslackofstandardizationandtrainedpersonnelwhichneedstobeaddressedinordertomakefulluseofthepotentialofferedbythisrevolutionarytechnologyinthefieldsofrailtransportationetc..